River system of Bac Ninh province.
Bac Ninh has a dense river network, with an average density of 1.0 - 1.2 km/km². 03 large river systems flow through, including the Duong, Cau, and Thai Binh rivers.
The Duong River is 42 kilometers long and located in Bac Ninh. It has an average total water volume of 31.6 billion m3. In August 1945, the greatest water level at Ben Ho was 9.64 meters, which was 3-4 meters over the rice field level. Duong River has a high alluvial content; during the rainy season, 1 m3 of water contains an average of 2.8 kg of alluvial.
The Thai Binh River is one of the largest rivers in the North, spanning 385 kilometers and including a 17-kilometer segment through Bac Ninh province. Because the majority of the river basin originates from the arid hills of the northeast, the soil is highly eroded, resulting in murky river water with a high alluvial component. The Thai Binh River, with its wide riverbed, low slope, and shallow bottom, is one of the most silted rivers. According to genuine data, the historical flood level of the Thai Binh River measured at Pha Lai in 1971 was 7.21 m, with the highest flow at Cat Khe being 5000 m3/s.
Cau River, section through Dap Cau ward, Bac Ninh city.
The province also features inland river systems, including the Ngu Huyen Khe River, Dau River, Dong Coi River, Bui River, Tao Khe Stream, Dong Khoi River, Dai Quang Binh River, and Ca Lo River.
With this river system, if we know how to exploit and regulate water, it will play an important role in the province's drainage system. Meanwhile, the total surface water flow of Bac Ninh is projected to be around 177.5 billion m3, with the majority of the water contained in the rivers being 176 billion m3, which is considered abundant. Along with the results of geological surveys, it reveals that the subterranean water reserves are also relatively big, with an average of 400,000 m3/day; the aquifer is 3 - 5 m below ground and has a thickness of about 40 m, with good water quality. All of this water source can be used to service both production and daily life in the entire province, including urban areas.
River system of Bac Giang province
Bac Giang has 03 large rivers: the Cau, Thuong, and Luc Nam Rivers. These are the three headwater rivers that feed into the Pha Lai River, which connects 03 provinces of Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, and Hai Duong.
Bac Giang's 03 large rivers are all more than 100 kilometers long, with basins and water flows that are average when compared to the river systems, large and small, of the northern provinces of the Northern Delta. 03 rivers (Cau, Thuong, and Luc Nam) have a total length of 354 kilometers. The Central Government manages 222 kilometers, ensuring the passage of vessels weighing up to 500 tons, while the locality manages 132 kilometers.
The Thuong River enters the Thai Binh River at Pha Lai River, and its main tributaries are the Hoa River, Soi River, and Trung River. It is 150 kilometers long, with 94 kilometers running within Bac Giang province. The Central Government maintains 62 km (from Bo Ha to Lac junction), which has been designated as a national inland waterway with a very stable flow, a depth of 1.5 - 2.0 m, and a width of 30 - 40 m, while the locality manages 32 km. The annual water flow is approximately 1.46 billion m3, and the Cau Son irrigation system has been established on the Thuong River segment that runs through Bac Giang province to provide irrigation water to Lang Giang district, a portion of Luc Nam district, and Bac Giang city.
Thuong river.
The Luc Nam River merges with the Thuong River at the Nhan junction, with a length of 278 km, and the section passing through Bac Giang province is 150 km long. Of which, the Central Government manages 56 km (from Chu to Nhan junction); the locality manages 94 km (from Chu town, Luc Ngan district to Huu San commune, Son Dong district, bordering Lang Son). he river travels southwest through Son Dong, Luc Ngan, and Luc Nam districts (in Bac Giang province) until merging with the Thuong River near the border of Duc Giang, Tri Yen, and Hung Dao. It begins at a height of roughly 700 m on the Kham mountain range in Dinh Lap district. The Luc Nam River has tributaries such as the Bo River, the Le Ngac River, the Chi Tac River, the Dan Ho River (on the left bank) and the Can River, the Gom River, and the Co Mat River (on the right bank). The annual water flow is about 1.86 billion m3.
Cau River is part of the Thai Binh River system, and it flows 110 kilometers through Bac Giang province. The Central Government oversees 104 kilometers (from Ha Chau to Lac junction), whereas the locality maintains 6 kilometers (from Hop Thinh commune to Dong Tan commune in Hiep Hoa district). The Cau River has two major tributaries on its right bank: the Cong River and the Ca Lo River. The Cau River has an annual water flow of around 4.2 billion m3, and there is currently an irrigation system on the river to provide agricultural water for the districts of Tan Yen, Hiep Hoa, Viet Yen town, part of Bac Giang city, and Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province.
Besides, Bac Giang province also has a system of tributaries, canals and two lakes in Luc Ngan district, Cam Son and Khuon Than lakes.
